formulate; work out; set down

lower; inferior; of the bottom part

under; below; beneath; less than

put/lower into; apply; put forth

next; upcoming; of a later time

issue; deliver; send

down; downward

go/come down (to); descend; leave off

not; no; un-

used after an adverb for emphasis, e.g. 極為, 頗為

used after an adjective to form an adverb, e.g. 大為, 廣為

be...by (indicating passive voice) | [syn] 被

serve as; act as; become

be; is; be equivalent to

do; act; go ahead with

(conjunction) 1. As; (verb)/do; (noun)/behaviour; 2. Conduct; (of suffix) used after an adverb or after an adjective to form an adverb.

example; instance; case

routine; regular

precedent; convention

regulation; rule; law